AIDS Facts

AIDS stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). When the virus gets into the body, it damages the immune system, the body system that fights infection. Once the virus enters the body, it can grow quietly for months or even years. People infected with HIV might not feel or appear sick. Eventually, the weakened immune system gives way to certain types of infections.

How the disease is transmitted:

The virus enters the body in three basic ways:

Through direct contact with the blood stream. Example: Sharing an unsterilized needle with an HIV-positive person to inject drugs into the veins.
Through the mucous membranes lining the eyes, mouth, throat, rectum, and vagina. Example: Having unprotected sex with an HIV-positive person - male or female.
Through the womb, birth canal, or breast milk. Example: Being infected as an unborn child or shortly after birth by an infected mother.

The virus cannot enter through the skin unless there is a cut or break in the skin. Even then, the possibility of infection is very low unless there is direct contact for a lengthy period of time. Saliva is not known to transmit HIV.

Prevention:

Your behavior can put you at risk for getting AIDS. Using intravenous drugs, especially with unsterilized needles, or having sex without protection (such as condoms) are high-risk activities.

First Aid Precautions:

The likelihood of HIV transmission during a first aid situation is very low. You are most likely to give first aid to someone you know, such as a family member or close friend. Always give care in ways that protect you and the victim from disease transmission. If possible, wash your hands before and after giving care, even if you wear disposable gloves. Avoid touching or being splashed by another person's body fluids, especially blood. Be prepared with a first aid kit that includes waterless antiseptic hand cleaners and disposable gloves.

Testing:

If you think you have put yourself at risk, get tested. A blood test will tell whether or not your body is producing antibodies in response to the virus. If you are not sure whether you should be tested, call your doctor, the public health department, or the AIDS hot line listed below and talk to them. In the meantime, don't participate in activities that put anyone else at risk.

Blood Supply:

Since 1985, all donated blood in the United States has been tested for HIV. As a result, the blood supply is considered safe. The risk of becoming infected through a blood transfusion is very low.

Hot Line:

If you have questions, call the national AIDS hot line at 1.800.342.AIDS, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, or the SIDA hot line (Spanish) at 1.800.344.SIDA. 8 a.m.-2 a.m., EST, 7 days a week. TTY/TDD service is available at 1.800.243.7TTY, Monday-Friday, 10 a.m. - 10 p.m., EST, or call your state health department.

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